It is developed by over 1, volunteer developers, its software repositories contain close to 50, binary packages compiled for eight processor architectures , and it is responsible for inspiring over Debian-based distributions and live CDs.
These figures are unmatched by any other Linux-based operating system. The actual development of Debian takes place in three main branches or four if one includes the bleeding-edge "Experimental" branch of increasing levels of stability: "Unstable" also known as "Sid" , "Testing" and "Stable".
This progressive integration and stabilisation of packages and features, together with the project's well-established quality control mechanisms, has earned Debian its reputation of being one of the best-tested and most bug-free distributions available today. However, this lengthy and complex development style also has some drawbacks: the stable releases of Debian are not particularly up-to-date and they age rapidly, especially since new stable releases are only published once every years.
Those users who prefer the latest packages and technologies are forced to use the potentially buggy Debian Testing or Unstable branches. The highly democratic structures of Debian have led to controversial decisions and gives rise to infighting among the developers. This has contributed to stagnation and reluctance to make radical decisions that would take the project forward. Although Fedora was formally unveiled only in September , its origins effectively date back to when it was launched by two Linux visionaries -- Bob Young and Marc Ewing -- under the name of Red Hat Linux.
The company's first product, Red Hat Linux 1. In , Red Hat introduced its revolutionary RPM package management system with dependency resolution and other advanced features which greatly contributed to the distribution's rapid rise in popularity and its overtaking of Slackware Linux as the most widely-used Linux distribution in the world.
In later years, Red Hat standardised on a regular, 6-month release schedule. In , just after the release of Red Hat Linux 9, the company introduced some radical changes to its product line-up. It retained the Red Hat trademark for its commercial products, notably Red Hat Enterprise Linux, and introduced Fedora Core later renamed to Fedora , a Red Hat-sponsored, but community-oriented distribution designed for the "Linux hobbyist".
After the initial criticism of the changes, the Linux community accepted the "new" distribution as a logical continuation of Red Hat Linux. A few quality releases was all it took for Fedora to regain its former status as one of the best-loved operating systems on the market. At the same time, Red Hat quickly became the biggest and most profitable Linux company in the world, with an innovative product line-up, excellent customer support, and other popular initiatives, such as its Red Hat Certified Engineer RHCE certification programme.
Although Fedora's direction is still largely controlled by Red Hat, Inc. Its contributions to the Linux kernel, glibc and GCC are well-known and its integration of SELinux functionality, virtualisation technologies, systemd service manager, cutting-edge journaled file systems, and other enterprise-level features are much appreciated among the company's customers. On a negative side, Fedora still lacks a clear desktop-oriented strategy that would make the product easier to use for those beyond the "Linux hobbyist" target.
Recent versions of Fedora have introduced a new flavour of the distribution called Atomic Host. Atomic uses the same packages as Fedora's Server edition, but makes sure of atomic updates to the base operating system using OSTree.
In the early days, the young company sold sets of floppy disks containing a German edition of Slackware Linux, but it wasn't long before SuSE Linux became an independent distribution with the launch of version 4.
In the following years, the developers adopted the RPM package management format and introduced YaST, an easy-to-use graphical system administration tool. Frequent releases, excellent printed documentation, and easy availability of SuSE Linux in stores across Europe and North America resulted in growing popularity for the distribution.
Major changes in the development, licensing and availability of SUSE Linux followed shortly after the first acquisition - YaST was released under the General Public License GPL , the ISO images were freely distributed from public download servers, and, most significantly, the development of the distribution was opened to public participation for the first time. Since the launch of the openSUSE project and the release of version These days openSUSE is available in two main editions - Leap, which provides a stable platform with multiple years of support; and Tumbleweed, which provides a rolling release environment.
The distribution often recevies praise for its easy configuration through YaST , Btrfs advanced filesystem support, and automated filesystem snapshots and boot environments. Launched in late , CentOS was a community project with the goals of rebuilding the source code for Red Hat Enterprise Linux RHEL into an installable Linux distribution and to provide timely security updates for all included software packages. The only technical difference between the two distributions was branding - CentOS's Linux edition replaced all Red Hat trademarks and logos with its own.
Red Hat sponsored and hired CentOS developers starting in CentOS has often been seen as a reliable server distribution. It is based on Arch Linux, but it uses S6 as a systemd replacement. It includes a collection of system tools, called 66, built around s6 and s6-rc to make the implementation and manipulation of service files on your machine easier.
OpenMandriva Lx OpenMandriva OpenMandriva Lx 3. OpenMandriva Lx 4. Even though it builds packages like a source distribution it provides binary packages. This is a rolling release with continuous updates. A stable live image was released June 4, and an unstable image was released June 16, A stable image was released May 15, An unstable image was released May 10, It's is compatible with Archlinux repositories and maintains its own "libre" repository with replacement packages such as the Linux-libre kernel.
Parabola was added to the list February 7, Parabola is a rolling release with no version numbers. Still rolling in It can also be downloaded and installed elsewhere. It aims to be an OS for the software developer, maker, and computer science professional who uses their computer as a tool to discover and create. The initial October 27, release of Pop!
It uses the Lumina desktop as well as a number of self-developed utilities to provide an easy-to-use system for system administrators. Project Trident was a desktop-focused distribution based on TrueOS. In the project began transitioning the base to use Void Linux, and the first Void-based release was in February Project Trident Project Trident announced an end-of-life date of March 1, The project's package repository and websites will remain up and running until then, but users should look for an alternative.
It is tailored towards retrophiles of all ages; packed with software and scripts for an easier, out-of-the-box user experience. PsychOS 3. It should work well on older hardware. Q4OS 1. Q4OS 3. Development on Q4OS 4. Q4OS 4. It provides a simple and familiar layout that most users will find very comfortable. This Devuan derivative includes special tools - refractainstaller, refractasnapshot and refracta2usb - that allow you to customize your installation and create a live-CD or live-USB of your running system.
Refracta beta images based on Devuan Jessie were available when this entry was added, August 2, It was founded after CentOS shifted direction. It is under intensive development by the community. Rocky Linux 8. The project moved to a rolling release model and snapshot Sabayon The distribution was created by a single person using only an Android smartphone. SharkLinux is under heavy development with fresh ISOs built weekly. SharkLinux was added to the list April 4, This entry was updated August 31, SharkLinux Build 4.
Siduction After a hiatus of nearly 3 years, siduction Mitel released version 5. In March Ruffdogs took possession of Contribs.
SME Server 7. SME Server 8. Koozali SME Server 8. Koozali SME Server 9. Koozali SME Server The project changed the name in April It is built from scratch and uses its own Budgie Desktop and eopkg. The first beta version was released January 26, Evolve OS Beta 1. Solus 1. In July the project moved to a rolling release model, with occasional snapshots.
Solus 4. SolydX strives to be as light-weight as possible. SolydK is more fully-featured. Both are available in a home edition. There is also a business editon of SolydK. SolydXK was released May 2, SolydXK was released January 16, SolydXK 9 was released July 16, SolydXK was released July 2, SolydXK was released March 3, SolydXK 10, based on Debian 10 buster, was released September 26, SolydXK Sorcery 0.
Source Mage 0. Source Mage ISO bugfix release 0. Stable Sorcery 1. Source Mage Cauldron installer 0. Sorcery 1. Stable grimoire v0. Several desktop environments and window managers are supported.
Sparky joined the list with the 2. Debian 9 based SparkyLinux 4. Debian 10 "Buster" is the base for SparkyLinux 5. Sparky 5. Sparky 6. Sparky 7 "Orion Belt" follows Debian testing "Bookworm". Orion Belt UCS-certified third party solutions are numerous.
This entry was added July 12, UCS 3. UCC 2. UCS 4. Debian 9 "stretch" based UCS 4. UCS 5. It follows a rolling release model, install once and update daily from a continuous build system.
Its package system allows you to quickly install, update and remove software, which is provided in binary packages or can be built directly from sources with the help of the XBPS source packages collection.
Void joined the list March 9, New images were released January 19, Version 2. Zentyal Server 5. Zentyal Server 6. Zentyal Server Development Edition 7. It is based on Ubuntu and targeted towards small to medium businesses. Zorin OS 5 Business was released July 5, Zorin OS Zorin OS 15 was released June 5, Zorin OS 15 Education was released September 25, Zorin OS 15 Lite was released November 20, Zorin OS 16 was released August 17, Education This is mix of distributions used by educational institutions, and distributions that are designed to be educational to install and use.
It contains a broad range of instrutions for installing and configuring various packages on top of a base LFS system. If you are wondering why you would want an LFS system or what one is, see the entry for LinuxFromScratch below in this list. BLFS 1. A systemd version is available in addition to the original SysV init version. BLFS Karoshi provides a simple graphical interface that allows easy installation, setup and maintenance of your network. Karoshi 5. Karoshi 6. Karoshi 7. Karoshi Karoshi Server Ubuntu based Li-f-e Li-f-e The web site also contains links to other resources such as mailing lists, mailing list archives, newsgroups, search engine, faq and more.
Released under the original BSD License. Development version 3. LFS is available with or without systemd. LFS PrimTux "Freedom", based on Debian 8. PrimTux Eiffel was released April 6, PrimTux2 was released October 29, PrimTux 4 was released October 26, PrimTux 5, released October 27, , was based on Lubuntu PrimTux 6, released November 15, , comes in two editions; one based on Debian 10, the other based on Ubuntu It started in Norway, but it has become an international community, and is synonymous with the Debian Edu subproject.
Skolelinux pr41 was released November 2, Skolelinux 1. Debian Edu 8. Debian Edu 9. Debian Edu Additional repositories are available and may be used with a stock RHEL installation. The Addons repository contains additional packages not included in a stock Red Hat distribution. The Computational repository also includes additional packages specific to scientific computing. The Unsupported repository is a place where one time packages are put, they are unsupported and may change frequently.
PUIAS 6. Springdale 6. Built by educators with an eye towards student and teacher empowerment, ubermix takes all the complexity out of student devices by making them as reliable and easy-to-use as a cell phone, without sacrificing the power and capabilities of a full operating system.
With a turn-key, 5 minute installation, 20 second quick recovery mechanism, and more than 60 free applications pre-installed, ubermix turns whatever hardware you have into a powerful device for learning.
Ubermix was added to the list March 13, , when the current version was 1. The 1. Ubermix 4. Country-specific These may provide support for other languages. Most of the websites listed here will be in the appropriate language for the country of origin. Fonzo in Argentina. It aims to be a multipurpose, stable and powerful operating system using only free software. The initial release of Dragora was June 13, Dragora 2.
Dragora 3. Hyperbola is derived from Arch with stability and security from Debian. The current stable release is Milky Way which was released July 13, and will be supported until The development branch is called White Hole.
Milky Way 0. The project announced that they will be switching from the Linux-libre kernel to a fork of the OpenBSD kernel in The Milky Way branch will be supported until The interface aims to be intuitive and very modern. It includes full support for biometrics.
Linuxfx GhostOS joined the list with the release of v6 on November 7, Linuxfx ctOS 7. Linuxfx OS 8. Linuxfx LTS 9. Linuxfx In September version Shortly after that free downloads were removed and the distribution became a commercial offering.
The mini edition is suitable for home or business use, the desktop edition has a strong focus on educational uses, and the netbook edition is specially created for little mini portable computers.
The stable version was 6. The current version was 9. Its features include preconfigured Chinese applications, such as Chinese input method, Chinese-English and English-Chinese dictionaries, and Chinese true-type fonts.
It features the Deepin desktop and other in-house apps. Hiweed joined the list with the Hiweed Desktop v0. LinuxDeepin 9. Deepin Deepin 20 was released September 11, Magic Linux 2. Magic Linux 3. Magic Linux 4. This entry was added July 11, EmmaDE4, based on Debian 11 bullseye, was released September 20, It uses its own package manager called "cards".
NyTyX joined the list with the release of v, in September NuTyX Voyager Voyager 10, based on Debian 10 "buster" was released August 10, Voyager GE Voyager11, based on Debian 11 Bullseye, was released August 24, Voyager Live It features an update notification and one-click updating. Slackel Slackel 6. Slackel 1. Slackel Live KDE 4. Slackel 7. It is also flexible and useful on USB sticks and comes with custom applications to create and manage a live USB stick. Neptune 1.
Neptune 5. Neptune 6. It's based on Debian and made specifically for the Indian environment with a pleasing Desktop environment coupled with Indian language support Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Punjabi, Telugu, Tamil, and more and other packages that are most relevant for use in the government domain.
BOSS joined the list at verison 1. BOSS 3. EduBOSS 3. BOSS 6. BOSS 8 was released October 30, SuperX uses a tweaked version of KDE and is aimed towards beginners, casual users and business looking for a well supported user-friendly OS. It is used in government domains and universities in India. SuperX joined the list with the release of SuperX 3. SuperX 3. SuperX 5. BlankOn Sajadah 6. BlankOn 7. BlankOn 8. BlankOn Linux BlankOn The project has developed the software solution and released it under a free software license.
Appears to be active in May It comes with a plenty of software programs for office, multimedia, internet, games and much more. Created and maintained by mambaSoft, openmamba is now supported by a community of developers and Open Source software fans. Images were released May 17, It aims to be highly customizable. It's compatible with Ubuntu repositories and the project maintains unique Puzzle packages.
Puzzle 1. PuzzleLinux 2. PuzzleLinux 3. Fedora-based Berry Linux emphasizes the Japanese environment, with various fonts and a good input engine. The initial version of Berry Linux, 0. Berry Linux 1. The current distribution as of February was Asianux Server 7.
It comes in several editions. Appeared to be current as of April Vine Linux 2. Vine 6. In May the project announced that there would be no more versioned releases.
VineSeed development will remain active. Language support includes English and Urdu. Development on PakOS began in December PakOS was released April 18, POS OS 2. It is designed to be customizable. RoshanOS 1. The project developed is own "JNP" package manager and uses the Enlightenment window manager.
Jarro Negro 4. PLD 2. PLD Th snapshot was released December 31, It is a stable, robust and secure distro. A community-supported project not to be confused with its "big sister" SUSE. Of course, as you know, it is based on RPM parcel in this case, with the zypper package manager, or graphically with YaST2. You already know that you have the option at your disposal Tumbleweed and Leap , the first being a continuously updated distro and the second a complete distro with periodic releases Download openSUSE.
So doing anything will be very simple, even if you come from Microsoft Windows. Of course, being based on those distros, it will use DEB packages. By the way, it is interesting to note that there are a number of their own tools, the « Mint tools »Which are small applications that will help you with the administration work, such as MintUpdate to update, MintInstall to install software packages, MintDesktop to configure the desktop environment, MintConfig to configure the system, etc.
Download Linux Mint. And as you can see, it looks to Apple's macOS for quite a bit of inspiration for simplicity and functionality. Precisely its appearance has made this distribution little by little gain popularity among the user community. That is, the same thing that Canonical was doing with its Unity shell.
Plank is the dock which is displayed on the screen to launch the apps, while Epiphany is your web browser, Scratch is a simple text editor, and Birdie is a Twitter client of its own. In addition, it also uses a Gala window manager, which is itself based on Mutter. Download elementaryOS. Solus It is an operating system specially designed for home use, with a simple and pleasant interface for the most novice users.
It was previously known as Evolve OS, and was started by Ikey Doherty, with a design focus on ease of use. You can choose to download multiple ISO images with different desktop environments.
For example, Budgie , the Solus desktop environment. Also, you should know that this operating system uses its own package manager called eopkg , which is based on PiSi. Therefore, you need your own repositories. Download Solus. Zorin OS It is an Irish distribution based on Ubuntu and that is oriented to be a simple alternative for Windows its interface is quite similar and macOS designed to be fast, powerful, secure, and respect your privacy.
In addition to having an environment of friendly desk for Microsoft Windows users, it would also allow the use of some native software via WINE.
And that's not all, as it includes some additional tools to simplify certain settings like Mint does Download Zorin OS. A distribution developed by the community and based on RPM packages, with the rpm manager at low level and also the high level DNF. This distribution is very safe, stable, and robust. It can be a great work environment if you do not want problems, as well as being very versatile to adapt to both a home computer, as well as companies and servers.
The platform is also loaded with innovation , utilities for the cloud, containers, and software development. Download Fedora. That is the main difference between the two. This distribution can be valid for all types of use, although it is especially good if you think create a server with her. It will give you great stability, robustness and good security if you know how to manage it correctly.
That is, it could be a great alternative to Debian, but in this case based on RPM. Download CentOS. Arch Linux It is one of the simplest distributions, but that does not mean that it is the simplest. This version is based on the Linux 5. It is an intermediate version with 9 months of updates that prepares for the future 5 year LTS - Long-Term Support version which is coming soon. The Fedora team have announced the launch of Fedora WirePlumber allows for more customization of the policy and rules for audio and video.
It provides a richer development experience and adds bindings for most languages. If you enable the third-party repositories that ship in Fedora Linux desktop variants, those repositories are now immediately available. Additionally, enabling third-party repositories now makes selected Flathub applications available via a filtered Flathub remote. This eases access to a curated list of applications that will not cause legal or other problems for Fedora to point to, does not overlap Fedora Flatpaks, and works reasonably well.
The project's latest release is based on Debian 11 "Bullseye" and features the SysV init software along with both recent and older kernels for wider hardware support. A list of key packages is available in the project's release announcement : " Based on Debian 11 Bullseye , but without systemd and libsystemd0.
Customised 4. Customised 5. LibreOffice 7. Firefox-esr Seamonkey 2. CUPS for printing. XMMS - for audio. Celluloid and mpv - for playing video. SMTube - play youtube videos without a using a browser. ExTiX is an Ubuntu-based distribution featuring a variety of desktop environments. The project's latest release is ExTiX I call it ExTiX The previous LXQt version was ExTiX Ubuntu The best thing with ExTiX So easy that a ten year child can do it!
One other very good thing with this version of ExTiX is that it is quite light. Having said that I must also say that I haven't found any bugs. Download : extix
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