If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives. Russian physiologist Ivan Petrovich Pavlov developed his concept of the conditioned reflex through a famous study with dogs and won a Nobel Prize Award in Peter the Great was a Russian czar in the late 17th century, who is best known for his extensive reforms in an attempt to establish Russia as a great nation.
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky is widely considered the most popular Russian composer in history. Rasputin is best known for his role as a mystical adviser in the court of Czar Nicholas II of Russia.
Leonhard Euler was an 18th century physicist and scholar who was responsible for developing many concepts that are an integral part of modern mathematics. Charles Henry Turner, a zoologist and scholar, was the first person to discover that insects can hear and alter behavior based on previous experience.
Vladimir Lenin was founder of the Russian Communist Party, leader of the Bolshevik Revolution and architect and first head of the Soviet state. Chemist John Dalton is credited with pioneering modern atomic theory.
He was also the first to study color blindness. Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleyev discovered the periodic law and created the periodic table of elements. Mendeleev made other important contributions to chemistry. The Russian chemist and science historian L. Tchugayev called him "a chemist of genius, first-class physicist, a fruitful researcher in the fields of hydrodynamics, meteorology, geology, certain branches of chemical technology explosives, petroleum, and fuels, for example and other disciplines adjacent to chemistry and physics, a thorough expert of chemical industry and industry in general, and an original thinker in the field of economy".
Mendeleev was one of the founders, in , of the Russian Chemical Society. He worked on the theory and practice of protectionist trade and on agriculture. Sculpture in honor of Mendeleev and the periodic table, located in Bratislava , Slovakia. Mendeleev, Alfred Werner , Adolf von Baeyer and other prominent chemists. Bust of Mendeleev in the city of Mendeleyevsk, Tatarstan. Dmitri Mendeleev facts for kids Kids Encyclopedia Facts.
In the late 's , Mendeleev began working on his great achievement: the periodic table of the elements. By arranging all of the 63 elements then known by their atomic weights, he managed to organize them into groups possessing similar properties. Where a gap existed in the table, he predicted a new element would one day be found and deduced its properties.
And he was right. Three of those elements were found during his lifetime: gallium, scandium, and germanium. The discovery of these elements provided the strongest support for his periodic table, a cornerstone both in chemistry and in our understanding of how the universe is put together reference. In , with nothing left for the family at Aremziansk , Maria loaded up the family's belongings and headed for Moscow. At this point the family included Maria, Dmitri, and Elizabeth Dmitri's older sister.
In Moscow, they entered a climate of considerable political unrest, which made the university reluctant to admit anyone from outside of Moscow. Mendeleev was rejected. Maria did not give up, however, and the family headed for St. Again, they encountered similar turmoil but this time they found a friend of Ivan's working at the Pedagogical Institute, his father's school. With a little persuasion, Dmitri was allowed to take the entrance exams, which he passed, not with honors but well enough to be admitted to the science teacher training program on a full scholarship.
He entered the university in the fall of Maria died shortly after Dmitri's acceptance at St. Petersburg, followed a few short months later by Elizabeth; both died from tuberculosis. Mendeleev was left alone to face his work at the university, but was to later eulogize his mother in his book on Solutions.
Conducting a factory she could educate him only by her own work. She instructed by example, corrected with love, and in order to devote him to science she left Siberia with him, spending thus her last resources and strength. Patiently search divine and scientific truth. Dmitri Mendeleev regards as sacred a mother's dying words. Dmitri fell right into his work at St. His studies progressed rapidly until his third year. At that point he was struck with an illness that caused him to be bedridden for the next year.
He continued his studies, however, with professors and fellow students visiting him to give him assignments, etc. Mendeleev graduated on time and was awarded the medal of excellence for being first in his class. Dmitri's illness did not improve. His doctor suggested that he had tuberculosis and that, at most, he had two years to live providing he moved to a more suitable climate. Mendeleev already had his life's ambitions in mind and, hoping to extend his life as long as possible, he moved to Simferopol in the Crimean Peninsula near the Black Sea in as chief science master of the gymnasium.
He was 21 years old. At this point in his life he was driven by "the vision of the Russian people whom he knew he could aid through science. He progressively regained his strength to the point where the doctors found no sign of tuberculosis in his system.
In , Mendeleev returned to St. Petersburg and defended his master's thesis: " Research and Theories on Expansion of Substances due to Heat. He wrote for ordinary people, and helped create a "library of industrial knowledge. He worked for the Russian government and became the director of the Central Bureau of Weights and Measures. He became very interested in the study of measures and did a great deal of research on the subject. Later, he published a journal.
In addition to his interests in chemistry and technology, Mendeleev was interested in helping to develop Russian agriculture and industry. He traveled around the world to learn about the petroleum industry and helped Russia to develop its oil wells. He also worked to develop the Russian coal industry. Mendeleev was married twice. He wed Feozva Nikitchna Leshcheva in , but the couple divorced after 19 years.
He married Anna Ivanova Popova the year after the divorce, in He had a total of six children from these marriages. In at age 72, Mendeleev died from the flu. He was living in St.
Petersburg at the time. His last words, spoken to his doctor, reportedly were, "Doctor, you have science, I have faith.
Mendeleev, despite his achievements, never won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry. In fact, he was passed over for the honor twice. The Periodic Table did not gain acceptance among chemists until Mendeleev's predictions for new elements were shown to be correct. After gallium was discovered in and germanium in , it was clear that the table was extremely accurate. By the time of Mendeleev's death, the Periodic Table of Elements was internationally recognized as one of the most important tools ever created for the study of chemistry.
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